PREVALENCE
EFFECT:
- Adolescents are regularly exposed to interpersonal stressors
- Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among adolescents 13-18
- Offspring of parents who have depression face three to four times increased rates of depression compared with offspring of healthy parents.
- Rate exceeds 4% in one year from the incidence notably in girls rises after puberty and by the end of adolescence.
- The uni-polar depressive disorder is highest in low-income and middle-income countries
- An estimated 31.9% of adolescents had any anxiety disorder.
- The prevalence of any anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (38.0%) than for males (26.1%).
- Anxiety disorders affect 25.1% of children between 13 and 18 years old.
EFFECT:
- 75% of individuals experiencing depression during adolescence will make suicide attempt in adulthood.
- For younger children, anxiety and depression might occur as school refusal, anxiety from separated parents.
- Depression levels associated with increased likelihood of lifetime use of cigarettes, other forms of tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, inhalants, prescription painkillers, and any substance.
- Depression can also be missed if the primary presenting problems are unexplained physical symptoms, eating disorders, anxiety, refusal to attend school, decline in academic performance, substance misuse, or behavioral problems.
- Chronic, severe stressors that affect relationships seem most important. Negative family relationships, peer victimization through bullying, and maltreatment are common risks for depression.
- Teens who start using marijuana before age 15 are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression in early adulthood.
- Teens aged 12 to 17 who abuse prescription drugs (including opiates, stimulants, tranquilizers, and sedatives) are more likely to have experienced depression.
- Research shows that untreated children with anxiety disorders are at higher risk to perform poorly in school, miss out on important social experiences, and engage in substance abuse.
- Childhood anxiety predicts later:
- Panic attacks
- Depression
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Conduct disorder
- Social phobia
- Suicidality
References
https://adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics
Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 93–107.
Barker, P. (2003). Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and Intervention. The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 12(2), 45.
Bittner, A., Goodwin, R. D., Wittchen, H. U., Beesdo, K., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R. (2004). What characteristics of primary Merikangas, K. R., He, J., Burstein, M. E., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., … Olfson, M. (2011). anxiety disorders predict subsequent major depressive disorder?. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(5), 618-26.
Depressive symptoms, negative urgency and substance use initiation in adolescents; Raina D. Pang, Layla Farrahi, Shannon Glazier, Steve Sussman, Adam M. Leventhal; Drug and Alcohol Dependence; Published Online: September 25, 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037687161401833X
https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Teen-Suicide-010.aspx
Hayatbakhsh, MR et al. Cannabis and anxiety and depression in young adults: A large prospective study
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(3):408-17, 2007
Schepis TS, et al. Characterizing adolescent prescription misusers: a population-based study
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7):745-54, (2008)
Service Utilization for Lifetime Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(1), 32–45. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.006
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2014). Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of findings. Retrieved from: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. Lancet, 379(9820), 1056–1067. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4.
https://adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics
Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 93–107.
Barker, P. (2003). Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and Intervention. The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 12(2), 45.
Bittner, A., Goodwin, R. D., Wittchen, H. U., Beesdo, K., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R. (2004). What characteristics of primary Merikangas, K. R., He, J., Burstein, M. E., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., … Olfson, M. (2011). anxiety disorders predict subsequent major depressive disorder?. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(5), 618-26.
Depressive symptoms, negative urgency and substance use initiation in adolescents; Raina D. Pang, Layla Farrahi, Shannon Glazier, Steve Sussman, Adam M. Leventhal; Drug and Alcohol Dependence; Published Online: September 25, 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037687161401833X
https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Teen-Suicide-010.aspx
Hayatbakhsh, MR et al. Cannabis and anxiety and depression in young adults: A large prospective study
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(3):408-17, 2007
Schepis TS, et al. Characterizing adolescent prescription misusers: a population-based study
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7):745-54, (2008)
Service Utilization for Lifetime Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(1), 32–45. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.006
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2014). Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of findings. Retrieved from: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013/Web/NSDUHresults2013.pdf
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. Lancet, 379(9820), 1056–1067. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4.
